IT Workshop GXESL208 KTU BTech 2024 Scheme - Dr Binu V P

                                              

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 cpuinfo  The cpuinfo command in Linux is not a standalone command but refers to a way of accessing detailed information about your system's CPU (Central Processing Unit) . This information is crucial for understanding your processor's capabilities, such as its make, model, speed, and features. How to Access CPU Information? To view detailed information about the CPU, you typically read the contents of a special file called /proc/cpuinfo . The /proc directory is a virtual filesystem in Linux that provides system and process information. You can access this file using commands like cat , less , or grep . Basic Command to Display CPU Info      cat /proc/cpuinfo What Does /proc/cpuinfo Contain? When you run the above command, it displays detailed information about each processor core on your system. Let’s break down the key sections of the output. Example Output Here’s an example of what you might see: processor       : 0 vendor_id  ...

time command  The time command in Linux is a simple yet powerful tool used to measure how long a program or command takes to execute. It provides details about the real time , user CPU time , and system CPU time used by the process. What is the time Command? Purpose : To measure the execution time of commands or programs. Output : Gives you three important metrics: Real Time : Total elapsed time from start to finish (wall-clock time). User Time : Time spent executing the program in user mode (on the CPU). System Time : Time spent on system-level tasks (like input/output operations). Think of it as a stopwatch for your commands! Syntax      time [options] command Replace command with the command or program you want to measure. No special permissions are required to use time . Key Metrics Explained Here’s what the three metrics mean in detail: Metric Description Real Time Total time it took for the command to complete, including waiting for resources (disk, network...

  Computer Ports What is a Port in a Computer? A port is a connection point on a computer where you can plug in devices like a keyboard, mouse, printer, or external storage. Ports allow data transfer and power supply between the computer and external devices. Types of Ports and Their Uses 1. USB Ports (Universal Serial Bus) Most common port in computers and laptops. Used to connect keyboards, mice, flash drives, external hard drives, printers, and other devices. Types of USB ports: USB-A: The standard rectangular USB port. USB-B: Square-shaped, commonly used for printers. USB-C: A smaller, reversible connector used in modern laptops and smartphones. Micro-USB & Mini-USB: Found in older mobile devices and cameras. 2. HDMI Port (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) Used to connect the computer to a monitor, TV, or projector for high-quality video and audio. Supports high-definition (HD) and 4K video output. 3. Ethernet Port (RJ-45) Looks like a larger telephone jack. Used ...

 history command The history  command is a powerful tool in Linux that helps you view the list of commands you've previously entered in the terminal. It is especially useful when you need to repeat or reference past commands without typing them again. What is the history Command? Purpose : Keeps track of the commands you've executed in the shell session. Benefit : Saves time and reduces errors by allowing you to reuse or modify previous commands. Default Behavior : Displays a numbered list of the last 500 commands you’ve executed. Syntax history [options] [number] history : Shows the complete list of previously entered commands. [number] : Limits the output to the last N commands. Viewing Your Command History 1. Display All Commands To see all the commands saved in your current session:      history 2. Display a Specific Number of Commands To display only the last N commands:      history 10 Re-Executing Commands 1. Using Command Numbers Each c...